How To Minimize Investment Returns

September 12th, 2018
34

[Today’s post is from Wealthy Doc, an MD/MBA who has already reached financial independence. Warren Buffett’s annual shareholder letters are must-reads for all serious investors. Buffett uses his folksy temperament and storytelling to teach important investment principles. In this article, Wealthy Doc describes Buffett’s 2006 story of “How To Minimize Investment Returns,” which describes how the greed of investors leads to more and more of their money being lost to the financial services industry. This article previously ran on Wealthy Doc’s blog in February 2018. -WSP]

Warren Buffett told a parable in his 2006 shareholder letter to teach us how to get rich.  This post is based on his thought experiment.  His lesson is timeless and vital.

Let’s suppose that you and I and all the physicians in America own all the stocks.  Let’s call it Caduceus Trust.  Our medical investment fraternity owns all the businesses behind all the stocks available.  Pretty sweet deal, eh?

The total return to us would be close to $1T.  We would be fat and happy for sure.  This income would attract some “helpers.”  The first layer of “helper” might approach a few of us.  He would explain that through smart buying and selling we could do better than the other Trust members.  We’ll call this first layer the “broker helper.”  The “helpers” charge a fee of course, for all the buying and selling.  Since the only other participants are Trust members, the total amount of stock hasn’t gone up or down.  We just lost some of the revenue as a group due to commissions.

Some of the trust members will eventually realize that they aren’t doing so well compared to their fellow trust members.  They don’t know when it is best to buy or sell.  They also don’t know how to pick a good broker.  So, they hire a new layer of “helper.”  These “manager helpers” still use the “broker helpers” to carry out the transactions adding another layer of fees.  This removes from the wealth of the whole group.

How can we have confidence that we chose the best “manger helper?”  It is hard to tell.  So, in come the next layer of “helper” the financial planner and institutional consultant.    By now we could realize that we couldn’t pick the right stock or the right stock-picker or even the right manager, so what makes us think we can pick the right “planner helper?”  But we are blinded by opportunity and inequity.  Consequently, our pie has shrunk some more, due to yet another layer of fees.

Caduceus Trust now supports three layers of expensive helpers.  The Trust members sink into despair when they realize their investment results keep getting worse and worse.  The solution is clear by now isn’t it?  We need to add a layer of “hyper-helpers.”  We will pay them at a much higher rate, that way they will bring us more benefit.  Welcome to the “hedge fund helpers” and the “private equity helpers.”  They take as much as 20% of all profits plus a 2% annual fee in addition to the other three layers of fees.  Surely, this will bring us more wealth!

I hope this picture is clear by now.  If not, read Warren Buffett’s original letter.  He is not only a brilliant financial mind, but an excellent writer as well.  This story shows the folly of adding frictional costs to investing in hopes of a better return.  All it does is subtract from the returns.

Returns fluctuate, but costs persist.  Most of this damage is already done.  But if you have an opportunity to cut out a layer of fees (by firing your financial advisor) or cut the rate of your expenses (by shifting to low-cost, broad-based index funds), it is your only hope of coming out ahead.

34 COMMENTS

  1. That is a great example of the misguided thoughts leading most of us early on to make the wrong investment choices. I thought that if I paid a professional (financial planner) that I was doing myself a favor when I was in residency. Turns out that he had his best interest at heart wanting commission rather than putting me in something worthwhile (got put in a front loaded high expense ratio fund).

    Only after reading up on finance and visiting financial blogs did I come across the concept of passive index investing and the logic behind it resonated with me. I don’t need to hit a home run to win the game, it’s the constant base hits that really run up the score by just getting market returns.

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  2. I was fortunate enough to learn all this before I had any real money and never got swindled.

    My only experience with a financial advisor was in residency. I was at a gas station and the guy who pulled up next to me was a financial advisor. When he saw my stethoscope he suddenly became very friendly and couldn’t give me his business card fast enough. Dollar sounds were ringing in his mind, I’m sure.

    ‘Fortunately’ my time in the “big city” taught me that anyone approaching me on the street is trying to sell something.

    Cutting out the fees and the middle men and keeping things real simple seems so self evident. Let’s keep on getting this message out there to our trainees!

  3. Great article, Wealthy Doc. Enjoyed your clear, concise and persuasive prose. In the serenity prayer, costs represent your ability to exert control over things within your domain, while naturally fluctuating market returns those things beyond your control. If only we can find the wisdom to know the difference.

    Fondly,

    CD

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  4. Nice story. But keep in mind that if all of us were to become passive index investors, there’ll be astronomical alpha opportunities for stock pickers again, see Grossman-Stiglitz’ 1980 AER paper “On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets”
    The temptation to go non-index and beat the market will always be there. And last time I checked, that’s what Warren does himself, right?!

    • Thanks for checking in. I’ve long thought that the way this ends is an equilibrium where most, but not all of the money goes to index funds, allowing some very astute investors to make small alpha, but likely enough to justify a 0.25% ER, but not 2 and 20. However, once everyone hears that someone is making alpha (see Buffett’s story in this article) that will drive some investors out of index into active, which will make the market efficient enough to cut alpha back down to near zero.

      -WSP

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